Animal Experimentation Should Not Be Banned - 857 Words

There is failure in not spreading information more wisely. Fact is most people ignore or do not know the real meaning about animal experimentation. Animal experimentation is the use of animals, mostly monkeys, on research. Reason being as to why monkeys is because monkeys are far more intelligent than other animals. Animals are stripped from the environment and are tested on so scientists can make products safe for humans. The big problem is that it is inhumane. Animal experimentation should and needs to be stopped because it is cruel, unethical, and not reliable. Having scientists test on animals is cruel. The truth is that humans are sometimes are abusive to animals or pets in general almost every day. But in this case animals like monkeys and rats are being locked in cages for quite some time. Scientists inject animals with different substances to see and record everything that happens. They test to see how it affects them or if it will kill them. Scientists test the pr oducts so that they are safe for humans to use such as medicine, toothpaste, hair care products, and make-up. Past research during 1983 describes about an accident that occurred at the University of Pennsylvania that caused the project to be stopped. More than one hundred baboons endured severe head and brain damage because of a hydraulic that ended up hitting them (Wright Hoagland, 2016, para. 4). So even in extreme cases the animals can get extremely hurt as well. If locking up animalsShow MoreRelatedAnimal Experimentation Should Be Banned1426 Words   |  6 Pagesjudged by the way its animals are treated.† - Mahatma Gandhi. These famous words still ring true in today’s society as we struggle to overcome the scientific experimentation on animals. Animals have acted as the archstone of human civilization since the dawn of man, from a source of food, to companionship. However, in the past century, we have been blurring the line between environmental entitlement an d environmental rape. Every member of the human race interacts and depends on animals, and we owe themRead MoreAnimal Experimentation Should Be Banned874 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing Animal experimentation has been used to test different chemicals in the cosmetic industry. These type of experiments have been banned in many places but are still occurring in countries such as Canada, United States, and Australia (Cole). Thousands of mice, pigs, rats, and rabbits die every year in the United States alone. In this paper, I argue that animal experimentation should be banned all over the world because it’s unreliable, cruel, and there are other options for testingRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Animals For Operations For The Purpose Of Experimentation Or Scientific Research? Essay1073 Words   |  5 PagesFirst off Vivisection is the practice that uses living animals for operations for the purpose of experimentation or scientific research. In shorter words vivisection is a type of animal testing. Aristotle used animal testing in 384-322 BC(Hajar 1). This just shows animal testing has been going on for decades. Vivisection is viewed as a harmful ab usive practice to animals. If their was a way to demolish vivisection in the future there would be other alternatives that would replace it. ScientistsRead MoreHow Do The Contributions Of Animal Testing To Global Medical1309 Words   |  6 Pagescontributions of animal testing to global medical science justify whether or not it should be banned? According to the Humane Society International (HSI), animal testing or animal experimentation for medical research refers to the experimentation on live animals for the purposes of investigation on diseases, medical treatments, or fundamental biology. Charles Gross, a former member of the History of Neuroscience committee of the global Society for Neuroscience, states that animals were used for improvingRead MoreAnimals for Research and Experimentation678 Words   |  3 Pages100 million animals are used for research and experimentation on around the world every year. Apart from all the benefits of animal testing there are many good reasons which support banning the experimentations on animals such as: animal cruelty, selfishness, and danger of using the experiments result. Therefore animal experimentation should be banned. These days, animal testing has brought a lot of issues in the society. The first and foremost argument that is presented against animal testing dealsRead MoreAnimal Experimentation Is Cruel And Needs1100 Words   |  5 PagesFreshman Seminar, Per. 1 4 May 2015 Animal Experimentation Animal experimentation is cruel and needs to be banned. It is another form of animal abuse. The animals are locked in cold, tiny cages in laboratories waiting in fear of what might happen next. The animals are being treated cruelly and being injected with substances that the scientists do not know if it will harm the animals. â€Å"Right now, millions of mice, rats, rabbits, primates, cats, dogs and other animals are locked inside cold barren cagesRead MoreEssay on Save the Animals: Say No to Animal Experimentation!1218 Words   |  5 Pagesfor animals before prescribing them to human beings. However, would it feel good to know that every year, hundreds of thousands of animals are captured from the wild and die just because of these said experiments? For many years now, scientists have been using animals for their laboratory experiments to produce new medicines. Although scientists have been using this process for many decades in the field of medicine, it is still a controversial issue for those who are pro animal experimentation andRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned848 Words   |  4 Pages As a society we have failed to notice, it’s everywhere. The animal testing footprint. Aeroguard, Chapstick, Michael Kors, Palmolive and Dettol: these common household brands all have the dark footprints of animal experimentation embedded into it. Each year over 6.5 million animals are brutally tested, killed or harmed in Australia and New Zealand, for many brands across the nation. You may think that Animal Testing has nothing to do with you but the real truth is, it does. It’s unavoidable toRead MoreThe Use Of Research On Cosmetics And Its Effects On Society1604 Words   |  7 PagesBlinded by Beauty On average, 26 million animals are used every year for the use of research on cosmetics. These tests should be banned for many obvious reasons such as it is clearly cruel and inhumane, they cost more than alternative methods, and they do not predict an accurate result due to the anatomical differences. Animals are being unfairly tortured and killed for research on ingredients that people are unknowingly using in their everyday lives. Here’s an important question to consider;Read MoreAnimal Experiments Or Torture?924 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"experiments.† This is the life many animals in biomedical research are forced to live . Nowadays, most of the animal experiments are conducted on mice, rats, fish, and other animals that are excluded from the Animal Welfare Act of 1966. Animal experiments cause psychological and physical harm to the animals with a complete lack of respect for their quality of life which is why they must be banned. The effect that biomedical research experiments have on these animals is detrimental. According to the

Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice - 1061 Words

To Be or Not to Be People are often seen basing their lives off of society’s standards. Many writers criticizes the influence that society has over its members. The romantic novelist Jane Austen satirizes her society and those who follow it. One of her most famous works, Pride and Prejudice, is a great example of this satire. Throughout the novel she explores the effects of society through her characters. In Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice, she divulges the central theme of society and social class through the characters Elizabeth Bennet, Mr. Darcy, and Lady Catherine. The first character that Austen uses to analyze this theme is Elizabeth Bennet. Austen describes Elizabeth as â€Å"uncommonly intelligent† (qtd. in Auerbach 135).†¦show more content†¦She speaks in a peremptory voice because of her place in society. Austen mocks the â€Å"hyper- class-conscious† aristocracy through Lady Catherine’s character (1). Lady Catherine depends on social status order for a sense of security and self-worth. Lady Catherine refuses to tolerate Elizabeth’s stubbornness, independent thoughts, and desire to marry Darcy (Auerbach 140). She feels that a union formed between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy threatens the security that her status provides. Lady Catherine exclaims, â€Å"[F]or do not expect to be noticed by his family and friends, if you wilfully act against the inclinations of all. You will be censured, slighted, and despised, by everyone connected with him. Your alliance will be a disgrace; your name will never be mentio ned by any of us (Austen 305). She refuses to recognize the individuality and expects everyone to follow the mold created by the society. Seth Cassel explains that â€Å"Lady Catherine’s proud status- oriented character primarily helps establish Elizabeth as a strong-willed individual†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1). Elizabeth does not let Lady Catherine’s prejudice destroy her pride or happiness. In summary, Jane Austen explores the theme of society and social class in Pride and Prejudice. Critics claim: Pride and Prejudice contains many elements of social realism, and it focuses on the merging of the bourgeoisie and the aristocracy during the era of the Napoleonic wars and at the beginningShow MoreRelatedJane Austens Pride and Prejudice2020 Words   |  9 PagesJane Austens Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775 to the Reverend George Austen and his wife in Hampshire, England. The sixth child out of the seven, Jane was educated mostly at her home although she and her sister, Cassandra, were sent away to school for several years when they were young. Austen wrote several novels when she was in her teens, but her major works were written later on in her life. Pride and Prejudice, was first publishedRead MorePride and Vanity in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice814 Words   |  4 PagesPride and Vanity in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice      Ã‚   Vanity and pride are different things, though the words are often used synonymously. A person may be proud without being vain. Pride relates more to our opinion of ourselves, vanity to what we would have others think of us. In her novel, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen makes the point that an excess of pride or vanity is indeed a failing. Pride, observed Mary, . . . is a very common failing, I believe. By all that I have ever readRead MoreEssay on Jane Austens Pride And Prejudice1580 Words   |  7 Pagesabove him. On the other hand, an individual with too little pride has an attitude of mediocrity and this hinders self-realization. Disproportionate pride blinds moral judgment, creates intolerance and deters relationships. Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austin is a novel that portrays individual characters who demonstrate a lack of balance in the way they perceive themselves and as a result they create ruin. Pride and Prejudice tells the most cherished love stories that take place in theRead MoreDichotomy In Jane Austens Pride And Prejudice878 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatest dichotomies in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice is made evident in the title. Namely, the book and the title reflect the division between individual as a spontaneous self and individual as socially constructed part of a greater whole, and the interaction that takes place as a result of the interaction between these selves. â€Å"Pride,† while it can be informed by the presence of others, is a character trait that can exist individual qua individual. For example, compares â€Å"pride† to â€Å"vanity,† a wordRead More Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay2080 Words   |  9 PagesJane Austens Pride and Prejudice It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife Jane Austen used this quote to open her second book, Pride and Prejudice, which was first published in 1813. This is a story of the attitudes towards love and marriage in the nineteenth century, through the eyes of a number of people in different family situations and levels of society. It explores what was socially acceptable and Read MoreEssay on Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice993 Words   |  4 PagesJane Austens Pride and Prejudice In this essay I will be exploring the first chapter of the novel Pride and Prejudice in terms of how successful it is as an opening chapter and what it tells us about the rest of the story. One of the most famous first lines in literature is the opening to the book: It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a large fortune must be in want of a wife. In this sentence, Austen immediately accomplishesRead MoreJane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesPride and Prejudice Essay: Own Prompt #8-The Obscurities of the Victorian Society In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen satirizes the superficially built society in Victorian Era by pointing out the flaws with the recurring themes of marriage versus love and gender roles through dramatic irony and character relations. All relationships and the idea of true love tend to be obscured by this materialistic society that is based on wealth, power, title, and connections. Jane Austen constantly paintsRead More Views on Pride, Prejudice and Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice5150 Words   |  21 PagesViews on Pride, Prejudice and Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Pride pride n., v., 1. high (or too high) opinion of ones own dignity, importance, worth, etc. 2. the condition or feeling of being proud. 3. a noble sense of what is due to oneself or ones position or character; self respect; self esteem. prejudice n., v., 1. an opinion In the novel by Jane Austen, displays a severe contrast between Elizabeth and Darcy in the story. Jane Austen does thisRead MoreJane Austen’s Novel Pride and Prejudice Essay874 Words   |  4 Pagesadvantageous marriage for the English novelist, Jane Austen. Her realism, biting irony and social commentary have gained her historical importance among scholars and critics (Southam). Austen’s major novels, including Pride and Prejudice, were composed between the years 1795-1815. During those twenty years England was at the height of its power facing many historical landmarks (Thomson). It is no coincidence that Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice, coincides directly with the historical eventsRead More An Analysis of Characters in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice1662 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Characters in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice An author will often give his or her work a title that reflects the overall theme or meaning of the piece-this is certainly the case in Jane Austens novel Pride and Prejudice. A title may set the mood or describe a situation which otherwise might require several paragraphs to develop. Pride and Prejudice is a combination of humor, irony, and twists of events. Austen entitles her work Pride and Prejudice to emphasize subtly the fact

Court Systems Paper For Upload To Study Mode free essay sample

The trial of State of Arizona vs. Jodi Arias is being tried in the Mauricio County Superior Court (Criminal Court Case Information Case History, 2014); the following paper outlines the process that follows in the criminal investigation up to the final stage. Eave listened to nearly 12 hours of testimony from the key players that I have listed, from the courthouse in Mauricio County. When this particular case first was reported I remember finding it very interesting and was following the progress for some time.I recently became aware that this trial is still in the final sentencing after numerous jury dismissals, mistrials, hung jury, allegations Of perjury, prosecution wrongdoing, and defense cover-ups. Background On June 4 2008, Travis Alexander a 30-year-old businessman who lived in Mesa, Arizona was murdered in his home, found almost a week later on June , 2008, on the floor Of his stand up shower (Jodi Arias Murder Case: Timeline Of Events, 2014) . Almost immediately, a person of interest was identified, by the Mesa Police Department when she called the detective that was assigned the case (Jodi Arias Trial: Day 2: 1 of 2: Evidence Reviewed (no Sidebars), 2013). Jodi Arias, 28 year old, photographer, and former girlfriend of Travis Alexander, called Estates Floors twice, first leaving a message and second leaving a message with a receptionist who notified Floors of the call. Jodi Arias was originally indicted on first-degree murder by the grand jury onJuly 9, 2008, and arrested on July 15, and plead not guilty on September 1 1, 2008. Initially Jodi told police that she was not in Mesa, AZ on the day of the murder, and later said that two intruders had broken in to the home of Alexander, attacking her and murdering Alexander, finally two years after Jodi Arias arrest she pleaded guilty of self-defense, claiming she was a victim of domestic violence (M itchier, 2013). After 4 and h years with the murder, trial starting January 2 201 3 continues, and the media coverage has not lessened.The Mauricio County Superior Court with Judge Sherry Stephens presiding ever the very gruesome case, perpetrated by one very calculating defendant who has admitted killing Travis Alexander after he became enraged that she dropped his newly purchased digital camera and in self-defense, stabbed him over 29 times, and shot him, and slit his neck, now goes into the sentencing ph ase after numerous juror dismissals, and accusations of prosecutor mishandling, and defense cover ups. This trial and the defense of Jodi Arias has a total price tag of over 2. Million that rests on the taxpayers of Arizona (Kraft, 2015). Lifetime aired Jodi Arias Dirty Little Secrets, Exposed Secret Life Of Jodi Arias, authored by Jane-Valve Mitchell, made its debut in hard back, paper back and audio download on August 20, 2013 thru Amazon (Mitchell, 2013). Discovery and Investigation A burglary that was reported at the residence of Jodi Arias grandparents, where she was residing revealed that among items stolen and never recovered was a . 25-caliber gun.Jodi Arias rented a car 100 miles from her grandparents residence on June 2 and drove the car from Redding California over 2,800 miles telling the rental company she would be using the rental locally. When Jodi Arias returned the mental car on June 7, it was missing floor mats, and had stains on the front and back seats upholstery (Kefir, 2014). Travis Alexander voice mail had been accessed on June 5, which supported her account that she had called and left several vocalism messages (Mitchell, 2013).On June 4 2008, Alexander missed a conference call and a group of friends went to Alexander home. Roommates Unripe Cortez and Zachary Billings communicated that Alexander was Out of town, but found a master bedroom key and entered the room only to find the mutilated body of Travis in the sh ower, Amanda McBride girlfriend of Zachary Billings made the 911 call to authorities, which set the case into motion (Mitchell, 2013). Stalking and slashed tires, along with Backbone stalking was one of the accusations that was conveyed to investigators against Jodi Arias according to the victim she was an ex-girlfriend (Mitchell, 2013). A spent . 25-caliber round was discovered near the body of Travis Alexander, later determined by the Medical Examiner Kevin Horn, came from the weapon that caused the probable fatal injury to Alexander head (Jodi Arias Trial : Day 2: 1 Of 2 : Evidence Reviewed (no Sidebars), 2013).On June 5, Jodi visited Ryan Burns in Utah, and spent some hours hugging ND kissing. Arias had some obvious cuts on her hands that Jodi had explained away with an incident at a restaurant that she claimed she was working (Mitchell, 2013). In April 2008, Alexander asked to substitute Jodi Arias with Marie Mimi Hall to travel with him to Cancan, Mexico on June 1 0, 2008, for a business trip While the investigators searched the home of Alexander, a digital camera was found in the washing machine (Jodi Arias T rial: Day 2: 1 of 2: Evidence Reviewed (no Sidebars), 2013).Although the camera was damaged the forensic team was able to recover images that apparently had been deleted wowing Alexander and Arias taken on June 4th at 1 pm up to 5:30 pm that indicate the victim was alive up to 5:29 pm and revealing that the victim was no longer living after 5:30 pr -? with a graphic image of Travis bleeding profusely on the floor of the bathroom, although the body looked as if it had been rinsed off (Mitchell, 2013). Sheets and blankets had been stripped from the bed; the hallway had blood smears and one bloody palm print on the hallway wall. All roommates and friends were all ruled out as suspects. Latent print experts were able to retrieve a bloody handprint from the hallway of the bathroom that contained he DNA of both Arias and Alexander (Mitchell, 2013). The grand jury indicted Jodi Arias on July 9; Jodi was arrested on July 15 and extradited to Arizona on September 5 for first-degree murder of Travis Alexander.On September 1 1, Jodi Arias pleaded not guilty (Mitchell, 2013). Key Players Jodi Arias (Defendant) Travis Alexander (Victim) Estates Floors (Investigating Detective Mesa, AZ Police Department) Judge Sherry Stephens -? (Presiding Judge) Bill Montgomery (Mauricio County Attorney) Juan Martinez (Prosecution Attorney) Kirk Inurn (Defense Attorney) Jennifer Willow (Defense Attorney) Kevin Horn (Medical Examiner)Daryl Brewer (former BE of Arias) Daniel Freeman (Friend of Alexander) Lesli e Alkyd (Friend of Arias) Gus Search (Arias mentor) Beth Hawkins (Arias Babysitter) Richard Samuels (Psychologist on behalf of Arias) Alice Levitate (Psychotherapist on behalf of Arias) Amelia Invoice (Juror 5 dismissed prejudicial comments) Jansen Demarcate (clinical psychologist -? rebuttal Of defense) Dry. Robert Gaffer (psychologist defense witness) Amanda Webb, (Walter employee prosecution witness) (Jodi Arias Murder -renal: Key Players, 2013). Retrial IQ testing was ordered May 2009, to show that Jodi Arias was competent to stand trial. A motion was denied to disqualify Mauricio County Attorneys Office April 2010 (Murder of Travis Alexander, 2014). On June 2010 over 8,000 emails from Alexander were turned over to Kirk Inurn and Jean infer Willow by Estates Floors (Murder of Travis Alexander, 2014). Arizona Rules of Criminal Procedures was amended to change the last day the State could seek the death penalty in capital cases from 18 months to 24 months after arraignment, in December 201 0(Mitchell, 2013).Kirk Inurn and Jennifer Willow initially stated to Juan Martinez that there were no text messages sent or received by Alexander, and were ordered to urn over several hundred, after their initial statement in January 2011 detailed in a defense filing(Murder Of Travis Alexander, 2014). Jury Selection Commencement of the trial at the Mauricio County Superior Court with Judge Sherry K. Stephens presiding started on December 10 , 2012. Jury selection started on December 20, with arguments against Juan Martinez that he was displaying bias toward jurors that were African-American women. Judge Stephens ruled there was no bias exhibited by the prosecuting attorney (Murder of Travis Alexander, 2014). Guilt Phase In Arizona on day 1 6 the members of the jury were allowed to ask questions Arizona is one of a few states that allow the jury to ask questions thru the judge to the witness (Mitchell, 2013).Judge Stephens was monotone and neutral in her responses. Juan Martinez sought the death penalty (Mitchell, 2013). Arias three separate accounts of what occurred on the day that Alexander was murdered were as follows: first she stated that she had not seen Travis Alexander since April 2008, second intruders that she referred to as ninjas because they Wore ski masks, third and final account Was she killed Alexander in self-defense after he became enraged following her dropping his camera.This was completely damaging to Arias credibility to both the jurors and the prosecuting attorney, which completed the guilt phase of the trial Richard Samuels testified on behalf of the defense for 6 days starting March 14, that Arias was most probably suffering from PETS (Murder of Travis Alice Levitate testified on behalf of the defense beginning on March 26, stating that Arias was a victim of domestic abuse. The jury posed approximately 1 60 credibility questions for Levitate (Murder of Travis Jansen Demarcate testified on behalf of the prosecution countering that Arias id not suffer from PETS or amnesia, but displayed signs of immaturity, unstable sense of identity and borderline personality disorder (Kefir, 2014). Amanda Webb, was called to testify on April 24th, for the prosecution, regarding the testimony from Arias that she had returned a gas can on June 3rd the same day she had purchased it at Walter, there was no record of any return by Arias on that day or the following week (Murder of Travis The last defense witness called Dry.Robert Gaffer testified that the testimony and diagnosis of Jansen Demarcate was inaccurate, stating that the sets given to Arias since her arrest pointed to an anxiety disorder from trauma. Dry. Jill Hayes, argued that the statement from Dry. Robert Gaffer regarding the IMP test was not capable of detecting borderline personality disorder (Murder of Travi s Alexander, 2014).The guilt phase of the trial included the 18 days of Arias testimony, which did not help her case in the retaining of the jury, subsequent juror dismissals for misconduct, health reasons, and felonies charges that had not been disclosed, led to defense seeking a mistrial which was denied by Judge Sherry Stephens (Murder Of Travis Alexander, 2014). Closing arguments by defense Kirk Inurn and Jennifer Willow on May 4, stated premeditation did not make sense, against Juan Martinez claiming manslaughter (Murder Of Travis Alexander, 2014).The 12 jurors went into deliberation on May 8 2013 and 15 hours later, five jurors found Arias guilty of first-degree premeditated murder, and seven jurors found her guilty of both felony murder and first-degree premeditated murder (Murder of Travis Alexander, 2014). Aggravation Phase Starting on May 1 5 2013 required Juan Martinez to convince the jury that Arias was indeed eligible for the death penalty due to the cruel, heinous, and r depraved act that had been committed. Kevin Horn was the only witness to testify in the Aggravation Phase.Kirk Inurn and Jennifer Willow argued repeatedly that Alexander may not have felt much pain due to the extreme adrenaline which was not convincing to the jury, or Juan Martinez with only a matter of less than 3 hours of deliberation the jury returned their ver dict for the death penalty (Murder Of Travis Alexander, 2014). Penalty Phase Juan Martinez called upon Alexander family on May 16 2013 to submit victim impact statements in an attempt to persuade the jury that the crime Arias committed warranted the death sentence (Murder of Travis Jodi Arias pleaded to the jury on May 21 2013, for life vs. death penalty. Judge Sherry Stephens was forced to pronounce a mistrial for the sentencing phase. On May 23rd 2013, 8 jurors voted for death penalty while 4 jurors vote for life sentence resulting in a hung, jury (Roberts, 2015). Sentencing Retrial Bill Montgomery (Mauricio County Attorney) discussed the next steps on May 30 2013 in a news conference regarding the seating of an impartial jury and the possibility of the victims family agreeing to a life sentence with no areole (Murder Of Travis Alexander, 2014). October 6, 2013 alai,n. Errs began the prospective jurors for the penalty phase retrial. Appeals Numerous attempts to appeal due to actions during all phases of the trial were brought up to show that the witnesses either perjured themselves therefore throwing out the right to fair and just trial for Jodi Arias. Mistrials were filed in January, April and May of 201 3 (Lour, 2013). Appellate Division of Supreme Court Supreme Court-? The Arizona Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal from everybodys favorite victim, Jodi Arias, on why she should be allowed to weave her tale Of woe in riveter(Roberts, 2015).Jurisdictional rules and interpretation issues PHOENIX (AP) ; The judge in the Jodi Arias murder trial declared a mistrial in the penalty phase Thursday after the jury reported for a second time that it was deadlocked on whether to sentence her to life in prison or death for killing her boyfriend in 2008(Arizona: Jurors Deadlock On Jodi Arias penalty, 2013). Under Arizona law, a hung jury in the death penalty phase of a trial requires a new jury to be seated to decide the punishment.Fifth second jury cannot reach a unanimous decision, the judge would then sentence Arias to spend re entire life in prison or be eligible for release after 25 years. The judge cannot sentence Arias to death (Arizona: Jurors Deadlock On Jodi Arias Penalty, 2013). However, if the prosecutor decides not to pursue the death penalty a second timer the judge would then sentence Arias to one of the life in prison options, and the trial would come to a conclusion(Arizona: Jurors Deadlock On Jodi Arias penalty, 2013). KEEP-TV Channel 12 v. Stephens, NO. 1 CA-AS 14-0213 (Razz. CT. APP. DCE. 16, 2014), the Arizona Court of Appeals addressed a challenge to the closing of the penalty phase Of a murder trial to the press and the public. On January 26, 201 5, the court vacated the closure order. Citing that Clear and Present Danger must exist to exclude the press and public (Arizona: Jurors Deadlock On Jodi Arias Penalty, 2013). Evolving technologies effects This is one of the largest media cases wave had at Superior Court, said Media Relations Director Karen Array. We have three rows of local and national reporters tweeting and taking notes with laptops, phones and tablets. Also, the media room in the back of the courtroom is filled to capacity. lionesses TV, the designated pool camera, is broadcasting the trial vie gavel-to-gavel, and local media outlets are streaming the trial on their news websites. CBS 48 Hours aired their show last week. Court Systems (State V Jodi Arias: Media Coverage, 2015). State-Level Superior Courts Trial Courts of limited jurisdiction, is the first level within the State Court System, which includes Magistrates Court Municipal Court The types of cases heard in Municipal court commonly are divided in to 4 categories Motor vehicle and traffic laws Disorderly and disorderly persons offenses Fish and Game laws, Parks and Forests, Weights and Measures, SPEC, and Boating Regulations Violations of municipal ordinances (local laws) (Guide To Municipal Court, n. D. ). Police Court Justice Court District Court- SIS district courts are trial courts of the federal court system.Within limits set by Congress and the Constitution, the district courts have jurisdiction to hear nearly all categories of federal cases, including both civil and criminal matters (District Courts, n. D. ). Limited Jurisdiction Court Juvenile Court City Court Small Claims Court Federal District Courts District Court Federal trial courts are termed district courts. Trial courts hear cases first. Evidence presented by both sides including witnesses, will be decided on either by judge or jury.Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction are the second level within the Court System and the following courts are included: Circuit Court a mutable court where sessions are held in different locations for AAA specified period of time whereas the presiding judge rides the circuit, from city to city and the court moves with the judge. Formerly, the Federal District Courts of Appeal were called the Circuitous o f Appeal (Circuit Court, 2015). Superior Court (the Judicial Branch Of Arizona Mauricio County, 2014).Court Of General Sessions -? entrusted with a wide-ranging jurisdiction and is ordinarily the publics beginning to the judicial process. Each of the eleven divisions of the Metropolitan General Sessions Courts maintains an elected judge. Criminal and civil matters are ruled on by one of the eleven judges that rotates every week, between civil and criminal schedules. The General Sessions Courts are served by two different Clerks (General Sessions Civil Division, 2015). Court of Common Pleas This type of court is a trial court, that was created so that citizens loud go to court or file a claim against someone without involving the King.There are Court of Common Pleas in South Carolina, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey and Ohio (Court Of Common Pleas, 2015). Supreme Court (New York) -? New York states court of last resort. The court traces its origins to the year 1691 and is one of the oldest continuously-serving courts of general jurisdiction in the United States (Supreme Court, Civil Branch, New York County, 2014). Appellate Court is the third level in the Court System and includes the following courts: Superior Court (The Judicial Branch Of Arizona Mauricio County, 2014).Court of Appeals Each of the 12 regional circuits within the 94 judicial districts has a court of appeals. The court of appeals will hear appeals within the district, and appeals of Federal agencies, special cases for the Federal Circuit involving patent, International Trade and Court of Federal Claims (Court Of Appeals, n. D. ). Intermediate Appellate Courts and Supreme Courts- Federal appellate courts are called courts of appeals. Cases can be further appealed to the U. S. Supreme Court. If either party disagrees with the decision in the trial court, they can appeal, asking a Geiger court to review the decision. The Difference Between Trial Courts And Appellate Courts, 2015). U. S. Supreme Court Referred to as the Courts of Last Resort the fourth level in the court system contains the following courts: Court of Appeals As a district court within the circuit rulings in this court will affect all people within the district circuit. No new evidence is presented, the judge(s) simply review the materials from the original trial and determine whether the lower court made the correct legal decision (The Difference Between Trial Courts And Appellate Courts, 2015).Supreme Judicial Court University of Phoenix, 2009). Conclusion The structure of the Criminal Justice including the Judicial Court system historically has been a work in progress, citizens were bound to the rules and laws regulating the British Colonies, reform only started after the American Revolution. The compilation of police, citizens, courts, prison officials, and federal and state officials is the method that has been adopted by the united States, which has protected citizens rights at the same time and gave a new sense of independence from Britain.Reducing the death penalty to three crimes that consisted of murder, reason and some forms of arson New York was the first state to stop public executions (The Early Years Of American Law Colonial Freedo m, BritainS Push For Greater Control, 2015). In 2004, the New York Court of Appeals held that a portion of the states death penalty law was unconstitutional. In 2007, they ruled that their prior holding applied to the last remaining person on the states death row. The legislature has voted down attempts to restore the statute (Death Penalty Information Center, 2015).

The Great Gatsby Essays (630 words) - The Great Gatsby,

The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was influenced by eastern society during the roaring 20s. He portrays his knowledge of eastern morality in the novel The Great Gatsby. In The Great Gatsby the corruptive effect of wealth is the cause of the most conflict regarding the morals of Nick Caraway and the morals of Daisy and Tom Buchanan, Jordan Baker, and Jay Gatsby. Daisy Buchanan has a very little moral value for herself and others. She is very careless. These low morals show throughout many parts in the story. For instance, her attitude toward Jay Gatsby she doesnt want him for what he is, but for the superficial illusion of what he is. The ultimate act of carelessness by Daisy, however, is the violent death of Myrtle. Daisy never thought twice about the night she hit Myrtle with the car, and never looked back. She never even bothered to tell Tom the truth that she was driving the car, not Gatsby. They move away before Gatsby is even dead. Tom Buchanan is so much like Daisy, which is why they will never be separated from each other. Tom Buchanans outlook is much like Daisys, Tom cares only for himself. Tom believes that cheating on his wife is perfectly normal. This is a very prominent example of Tom Buchanans low Morals. Tom views Daisy as a possession rather than a person. Tom did not marry Daisy because he loved her. He married her for her beauty, as a prize, to show that he had the best of everything. The low morals of Jordan Baker are what hurt Nick the most. Although Nick realizes he will never be with Jordan, he still has his hopes. He knows that Jordans wealthy morals will not allow this. Jordan can never be with Nick simply because she is rich and Nick doesnt have money. Rich girls dont marry poor boys. Jay Gatsbys actions conflict with his morals. Gatsbys fortune did not come from old money. Most of his fortune was obtained trough illegal activities. This conflicts with how Jay portrays his morals. He portrays himself as being morally sound, but throughout the book Nick can sense the reality of Gatsby. Gatsbys affair with Daisy also conflicts heavily with his moral values. He feels he is doing the right thing, but at the same time he feels guilty about what he is doing. Although Gatsby is rich, he has poor person morals. He doesnt believe he is indestructible and that he has the right to do what ever he wants, like the rich do. This shows in Gatsbys uneasiness while around Tom. Unlike Toms uncaring attitude toward George Wilson. Tom doesnt care what happens to George Wilson. He only wants his wife. Nick Caraway is the most morally sound out of all the characters. Nick does not have the careless attitude of Daisy, Tom, and Jordan. Nicks unwealthy lifestyle is the main support for his strong morals. Nick has a very hard time living in the east, because of its grotesque carelessness. This is the reason for Nicks move back to the Midwest. When confronted by Tom in Chicago, Nick is confused on how to treat him. Nick thinks Tom knows Daisy was driving the car when they killed Myrtle, but after talking to Tom, he realizes Daisy never told Tom that she was driving Gatsbys car. Wealth is one of the Main factors in deciding a persons morality. The Great Gatsby portrays this reasoning to the fullest, with the contrast between Nick Caraways morals, and the morals of Daisy Buchanan, Tom Buchanan, Jordan Baker, and Jay Gatsby. Book Reports

Causes of American Revolution essays

Causes of American Revolution essays Life in the colonies, up to 1775 was undisturbed by Britain. Britain had been fighting wars in both Europe and North America, so they didnt concern themselves with the Colonies. When the wars were over Britain was in great debt and they decided to impose taxes on those that they governed, which extended all the way to the Colonies. Although the taxes werent extremely high it made the Colonists mad. They refused to let a country thousands of miles away tax them. Some of the tax acts that were imposed on them were the Stamp Act, the Quartering Act and the Sugar Act. They argued no taxation without representation. The Colonies were also ready to become their own nation, to break away from Britain. They wanted international recognition from countries around the world. ...

How to Compare High Schools Using Average ACT Scores

How to Compare High Schools Using Average ACT Scores SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’ve found this guide, you're probably looking for a good high school, or you want to see how your high school measures up compared to others. When comparing high schools, a helpful metric is average ACT Score. In this guide, I’ll tell you what average ACT score represents, why you should care about a school’s average ACT score, and where you can find information on average ACT scores by high school. What Does a High School’s Average ACT Score Represent? When thinking about what a high school’s average ACT score represents, you need to think about what the ACT measures in individual test-takers. While you may think that an ACT score simply measures the test-taker’s academic ability, the ACT, in fact, measures not only academic ability but also perseverance. What I mean by perseverance is a student’s desire to work hard in school and in pursuit of higher education. While a genius might be able to get 36 on the ACT with no prep, a test-taker with just slightly above-average intelligence can also get 36 with enough studying. Therefore, an ACT score reveals both a student’s academic ability and work ethic. A high school’s average ACT score represents these same qualities: academic ability and desire to work hard. However, in terms of an entire high school, its â€Å"academic ability† depends on the quality of education, and its â€Å"desire to work hard† depends on the quality of students. Do the students at that school care about their education? Do they care about attending a 4-year university? Why Should You Care About a High School’s Average ACT Score? The reason you should care about a high school’s average ACT score is because higher ACT scores can indicate a better quality of education and a better quality of student at that school. As I said before, the ACT measures your academic ability (to some degree). Your education is responsible for your academic ability, so the better the quality of education you receive, the better you’ll perform on the ACT. However, as I also mentioned, your ACT score is also affected by how much you prepare for the ACT. If a high school’s average ACT score is high, the students at that school most likely care more about their education and getting into a 4-year university than students at high schools with lower average ACT scores. Sending your kid to a high school with a higher average ACT score can help guarantee they’ll be surrounded by like-minded, hard working students and receive a higher quality of education. On the Other Hand, Why Shouldn’t You Rely Too Heavily On Average ACT Scores? While a school’s average ACT score can suggest the quality of its education and students, it may not give you the complete picture. Some public schools have magnet (or gifted) programs that are separated from the â€Å"regular† track at that high school. These programs often have a superior quality of students and teachers than the rest of the school. I attended a public high school with an International Baccalaureate magnet program. The admissions requirements for this program were tough, but there were no requirements for students on the â€Å"regular† high school track. Also, the IB program had better teachers who only taught IB classes. I’d venture a guess that the average ACT score for IB students was higher than the average ACT score for students on the â€Å"regular† track. However, the average ACT score for my high school does not separate IB and non-IB students. The average ACT score factors in the scores of all students at the school. As a result, you can’t figure out what the quality of education and students will be within a specific magnet program versus the quality of the â€Å"regular† track. Also, as I said before, your ACT score is also affected by your study effort. Therefore, if you attend a high school with a low average ACT score, that does not necessarily mean that you will have a low ACT score. On the other hand, attending a school with a high average ACT score doesn't mean you'll automatically get a high ACT score either. No matter where you attend high school, you can practice, learn the test format and strategies, and receive a high score on the ACT. However, you should still try to attend the high school with the best quality of students and teachers so that you’ll receive the best education you can, be challenged, and be well prepared for the ACT and college. How to Find Average ACT Scores by School There are four methods for finding a high school’s average ACT score: Search the Department of Education website (NOTE: This only works for PUBLIC high schools.) Search the school’s website (NOTE: not all schools publish this information on their websites) Email a school administrator Google Search â€Å"[High School Name] Average ACT Score† (NOTE: this can be unreliable) The best method is to use the Department of Education’s website for your state. NOTE: this will only work for some states. For a full explanation of how to find a district’s or specific public high school’s average ACT score using this method (and for a list of states that don't provide the data), read our article on ACT Scores by High School and District. Using this method will ensure you’re getting up-to-date, correct, unbiased information. For private high schools (or as another search option for public high schools), you can use the Google search method, look on the high school’s website, or send an email to an administrator at that high school. However, the websites and Google search can often have outdated information (i.e. ACT score averages from five years ago) or not post this information publicly. Administrators may also give you outdated information if they haven’t seen the most recent statistics. Also, it may take them a while to respond to your request with their busy schedules or if they’re on a school holiday. What Should You Look for in ACT Data? In the ACT data, you should be looking at the average composite ACT score. The higher this number is, the better. You can also look at the individual section scores (though some states may not publish this information). The Math section score may give you a sense of how strong or weak the school's math program is. The closer to 36 (the highest possible section score) the better. A high score most likely means a higher quality Math program. The Reading and Writing sections will give you a sense of the quality of English education at that school. Again, same as math, the closer to 36 (the highest possible section score) the better. A high score here most likely means a higher quality of English classes at that school. I would not read too much into the Science section score as the Science section does not rely on scientific knowledge but rather on reading graphs and charts. In the spreadsheet, you can also determine the fraction of students who took the ACT at that high school. NOTE: some states only list the total number of ACT test-takers and don't include the overall school enrollment, and you will not be able to figure out the fraction of students who took the ACT if they don't provide both numbers. If your state does provide you with total enrollment and the number of ACT test-takers such as California does, you can determine the fraction of students who took the ACT. For instance, here is a screenshot of the ACT data from the California Department of Education’s website: To figure out the fraction of students who took the ACT at a specific high school, take the number of test takers (listed under the NumTstTakr column) and divide it by the number of enrolled students (under Enroll912). If I was looking at Alameda Science and Technology Institute (the highlighted school), the fraction of students who took the ACT would be: 20 / 169 or about 12% WARNING: don't read too much into the fraction or percent of students who took the ACT because these numbers don't give you the full picture. The enrollment counts the TOTAL number of students, and you wouldn’t expect freshmen or sophomores to have taken the ACT yet. While 12% seems small, you need to factor in that: Alameda Science and Technology Institute has about 50 students per grade level. Typically, only juniors and seniors will take the ACT in a given year, and there are about 100 juniors and seniors at Alameda. Some students may opt to take the SAT instead (which in fact about 60 did). When accounting for all that, it appears that close to 100% of Alameda Science and Technology Institute students will take either SAT or ACT. Summary A high school's average ACT score can show the quality of education and caliber of students at that school, but average ACT score may not give you a full picture of certain schools. At high schools with magnet programs, magnet students' ACT scores are combined with the "regular" students' ACT scores to create the school's average ACT score. Although magnet students likely have a higher average ACT score (since they're likely receiving a higher quality education and are likely more studious), you wouldn't be able to see that from the overall average ACT score of that school. There are different methods for locating a high school's average ACT score. Not all methods will work in all states or for all high schools. Check out our other guide on ACT Scores by High School and District to find the best method for you. When you find the average ACT score data for the school you're interested in, you should look for the composite ACT score. The higher the score, the better that school likely is. What’s Next? Learn more about the ACT and the college application process: What is a good ACT score? A bad ACT score? An excellent ACT score? How to Get a Perfect ACT Score, by a 36 Full Scorer How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League, by a Harvard Alum Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Industry Research Part III Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Industry Research Part III - Essay Example This paper, written by Enrico Moretti, is a very good source for analyzing and researching what factors led wage inequalities to grow in many countries in recent years. The housing market faces challenges unparalleled in the history. Wage inequality is another threat on the economy that seems to claims more victim day by day. This article argues that declining wages and wage inequality around the world present two different problems. The high levels of inequality can definitely lead to adverse social, economic and political troubles that would bring insecurity and unrest. The second is that, global purchasing power will be decreased due to declining wages and it may cause a decline in the global consumption. The severity of wage inequalities and its impacts on all our spheres have been well detailed in this article. According to the report published by International Labor Office, there are severe wage inequalities that lead to unemployment for workers in 83 countries around the world. (Dewan S, 2008). It means, the wage inequality raises issue to the 70% of world population. According to the research, the US is one of the developed countries where the difference between highest wages and lowest wages has grown more rapidly. Wage inequality is referred to the difference between wages of skilled and unskilled labors. The increase in wages inequality can be measured by using nominal wages. The wage difference between skilled and unskilled labors is significant in determining inequality. In the US, it is a known fact that, due to increased demand for skilled labors in cities, skilled labors have moved to metropolitan cities where housing costs are higher. The average daily expenses also get higher. As has been discussed by Moretti (2008), skilled labors are exposed to high cost living. At the same time, it shows that a relative increase in their real wage

BUS303 MODULE 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BUS303 MODULE 1 - Assignment Example Additionally, defamatory statements should be avoided because the company will take them with a lot of seriousness. This may entail filling a court suit against employees who tend to use defamatory statements when sending their emails, the company may further terminate the services rendered by employees who continue violating company email announcement policies. This means that they should disclose their contact details such as names, employee pin address, phone numbers, email address and the subject of their emails. The company will not accept emails containing graphics because the company would consider them less formal and unprofessional. Any email received from employees and all the stakeholders will be maintained in the company data base for future references and communication. Incase of clarity and quick responses employees are advised to follow the procedure of filling the forms available in the company website. Connectively, employees are advised to close check their emails b efore they press a sent button in order to clarify any unclear issue. On the contrary, XYZ company will ensure that all email sent by employees comply with the company email policies. In above connection, email sent will be treated with a lot of confidentiality and that no email sent by employees will be disclosed to any third party without the consent of the recipient. Additionally, after the company has received an email from employees or any other stake holder, an automatic email notification will be sent within twenty four hours to show the recipient that the XYZ Company is in receipt of an email sent. Afterwards, the relevant department will review the email sent and provide necessary feedback within two to five business days whereby, weekends and holidays will not be considered as business days. During the review the relevant department will assess whether the email sent is in compliance with the company email policy guidelines as provided in the book let. The company is looki ng forward to supply email policy booklet that provide a comprehensive discussion of the email policy guidelines. Incase of any assistance, employees are encouraged to seek for the advice in order to ensure that email policies are followed to the latter. Therefore, employees are advised to read the XYZ Company email policy guidelines and adhere to them until further announcements are made. From the Managing Director, XYZ Company Signature Summary on email policy announcement The main aim of adopting new email announcement policies is because the XYZ Company is contemplating global expansion to diversify its portfolio into other nation across the world. Therefore, the company wants to be more professional unlike before when dealing with its employees and all the relevant stakeholders (Christensen, Para, 3). This is because by being professional the company will attract numerous investors from the diaspora as many investors would have confidence with the company (Christensen, Para, 3- 5). The policy of ensuring that an email addressed to XYZ Company are precised and to the point may help to capture the necessary information without much strain and therefore, efficiency and effectiveness in communication will be enhanced (Johnson, PP.14-17). Connectively, the policy of using non defamatory statement aims at ensuring that the information

Sarfaesi act Essay Example for Free

Sarfaesi act Essay The Securitization Reconstruction of Financial Assets Enforcement of Security Interest Act,2002 (SARFAESI) empowers banks [financial institutions to recover their non-performing assets without intervention of court. The Act provides 3 alternate methods for recovering of NPA namely- Securitization Asset Reconstruction Enforcement of security without intervention of court Provisions of this Act are applicable only for NPA loans with outstanding balance bove 1 lakh rupees. NPA loan accounts where the amount is less than 20% of the principal and Interest are not eligible to be dealt with under this Act. NPAs should be backed by securities charged to the bank by way of hypothecation or mortgage or assignment-security Interest by way of purchase and lease not liable for attachment under Sec 60 of CPC ,are not covered under this Act. Strengths of the Act- The Act empowers the Bank: 1 . To Issue demand notices to the defaulting borrower and guarantor,calllng upon hem to discharge their dues in full within 60 days from the date of notice.

Womens Rights Essay -- essays research papers

If you ask a young girl what she wants to be when she grows up, she may tell you she wants to be a doctor, lawyer, or even a teacher. That is what any child would percieve their future to become, just like their parents. But what that little girl is unaware of, is that if she had lived a little over 150 years ago, her future dreams would be quite different. Women living a life of religious freedom, having a voice in government, and attending schools is normal in our everyday lives as we reach the new millenium. However, women did not always have an equal say or chance in life. In our American History, women have demonstrated and worked for reform of women's rights. Through seven generations, it took many meetings, petition drives, lobbying, public speaking, and nonviolent resistance to make our world the way it is now. The Women's Rights Movement begins its task on July 13th, 1848, where a lady named Elizabeth Cady Stanton decided enough was enough, and she started the fight for her rights as well asall women's rights. Within the next week of her decision she held a convention in Seneca Falls called, "A convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman". Stanton created a list to present called "Declaration of Sentiments" which stated areas in life where women were treated unjustly. (*1) After the second day of the convention, every resolution on her declaration was passed except the one t...

Information management in healthcare systems Essay

There is no doubt that it is very important to manage health information especially in realization that patient information is usually scattered in different locations in the health care system. There is need to centralize health information in order to ease dissemination of health care records thus improving quality of care. On the same note, information management in healthcare systems is a potential means of cutting down health care costs. In spite of its importance, management of health information is challenged complexities of implementing electronic information systems, as well information flow all of which are costly to health care providers. Electronic information systems and health care quality Incomplete patient information has been associated with medical errors that have resulted into avoidable deaths. Valerius (2007) for instance reports that up to 98,000 patients in the U. S. ere said to have died as per the Institute of Medicine 2000 report due to avoidable medical errors with most of them being due to lacking patient information. The poor management of patient records is partly attributable to failure to adopt advanced information systems. Health care systems are reluctant in adopting electronic health records (ERH) yet ERH have the potential to eradicate most of the problems related to missing patient information. It should be noted that while an ERH system is encouraged, it is possible to use an electronic system together with a manual system. Due to the complexity associated with shifting from a manual system to an electronic system, medical practitioners tend to reluctant to implement electronic systems (Harrison & McDowell, 2008). As such, the main focus of such practitioners is to provide medical care to the patient and unfortunately neglect record keeping yet patient information is very vital in health care. Information flow Information management in health care systems is a challenging aspect in terms of sharing information. Lack of a central repository on patient information predisposes the patient to medical risks. Stevens (2005) observes that when health information is not centralized, it leads to delayed medical procedures as time is taken to look for the doctor who may be having the information. This is expensive financially and it is a time wasting experience that predisposes the patient to inappropriate medical procedures or death in some case. Even in cases where there is an information repository, information sharing may be a source of problem. In most health care systems, the patient is mandated to collect information on performed medical procedures and then present the same to a general practitioner or a clinician. This process of information flow is not efficient and reliable since the patient can easily damage or misplace the medical report. Stevens (2005) mentions that the likelihood of the medical information not landing into the hands of the intended clinician is high. This is an issue that can be effectively addressed by centralizing patient information. Confidentiality of patient information Maintaining patient information confidentially is one of the principles guiding health care practitioners and breaking such has legal implications (Dolan & Barrister, 2004). As such, healthcare information management is supposed to adhere to this principle. This is however a difficult task with a centralized system which may to a greater extent allows accessibility of information by unauthorized persons. However, this is can be countered by proper authentication of the users of the healthcare system. In addition, the ensuring that the released information flows to the right persons is a potent way of curbing breach of confidentiality. In conclusion, it is appreciable that healthcare systems experience challenges in maintaining efficient information management systems. Reluctance to adopt electronic health record systems and little emphasis on need to preserve patient information is the main cause. Healthcare systems must realize that efficient information systems will reduce medical errors and costs related to such errors as well as enhance information flow. The possible problem of breached confidentiality should be addressed by allowing authorized access to centralized health information.

Animal Farm and the Questions Underlying It

Identify Old Major, Boxer, Clover, Benjamin and Mollie. Old Major was an old pig. He began the whole idea of the revolution. Boxer was a huge and strong horse, not very smart but was nice. Clover the female horse she is Boxers faithful companion. Benjamin was a donkey, the oldest animal on the farm. He was skeptical, cynical, and never laughed. Mollie was foolish and liked sugar and ribbons. 2. For what purpose did Major call the meeting of the animals? He wanted to tell them about his dreams of a happier time for animals, a time when the animals can live together and have a much better life without Man. 3.After they vote and decide rats are comrades, Major summarizes his points for the animals to remember. What are they? Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. 4. What is â€Å"Beasts of England†? For what does it stand? Beasts of England is the song of the revolution. It stands for the hopes and dreams of the animals f or having a better life. 5. Why did the pigs get the job of teaching and organizing? They were smartest of the farm. 6. Identify Snowball, Napoleon, Squealer and Moses. Napoleon was not much of a talker but had a reputation for getting his own way.Snowball was quicker in his speech , but was not considered to have the same depth of character. Squealer was a good talker. Moses was a tame raven who told the animals about Sugarcandy Mountain. 7. What actually brought about the rebellion? The animals were hungry and broke in to get food. When Jones tried to stop them, they didn’t listen. 8. What were the Seven Commandments? 1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. 2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. 3. No animal shall wear clothes. 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed. 5. No animal shall drink alcohol. 6. No animal shall kill any other animal. 7.All animals are equal. 9. Who gained leadership of the animals? Why? The pigs gained leadership because they wer e the smartest and showed more leadership. 10. Describe the animals' flag. The flag was green for the green fields of England. It had a white hoof and horn on it. 11. What happened to the milk and apples? How did Squealer rationalize that? The pigs were eating the milk and apples. They used it for brain food. Chapters 4 – 6 1. What was the Battle of the Cowshed? Jones and the other farmers came with sticks and guns to retake the farm. Snowball knew it was going to happen. 2. What was Snowball's role in the Battle of the Cowshed?Snowball's role was one of leadership. He bravely fought with the animals. 3. Describe the relationship between Napoleon and Snowball. Napoleon and Snowball always disagree. 4. What topic divided the animals? Which pig was for and which was against? The topic of building the windmill divided the animals. Napoleon was against it Snowball wanted it. 5. How did Napoleon get rid of Snowball and gain full control of the animals? He had secretly been raising the nine puppies as guard dogs for himself. The dogs ran Snowball off the farm. 6. What changes did Napoleon make first? He ruled that choices would be made by the pigs. 7.How did Squealer justify Napoleon's take-over to the others? He said that Napoleon had taken on extra responsibility, that he wouldn't want the animals to make the wrong decisions, and that loyalty and obedience were more important than bravery, so Napoleon was better. 8. What two maxims did Boxer adopt? â€Å"Napoleon is always right. † â€Å"I will work harder. † 9. Why did Napoleon in fact change his mind and decide to have the animals build the windmill? If the animals were busy on a project, they would have less time and energy to think about how miserable their lives were and would be therefore less likely to revolt against his authority. 0. For what purpose did Napoleon begin trading? He wanted to get money to buy the items the animals needed. 11. Why did the pigs say they had to move into th e house? They needed a quiet place to work. 12. Who did Napoleon blame for the windmill disaster? Why? He blamed Snowball. Chapters 7 – 8 1. Why did the hens have to give up their eggs? Napoleon needed to sell to get money for food for the animals. 2. How has Snowball's role been changed by the end of Chapter 6? Napoleon and Squealer have convinced the animals that Snowball had been in with the humans against the animals from the start. 3.Why did Napoleon begin executing animals? He threatened the animals so they wouldn’t rebel against him. 4. Whom did Boxer blame for the executions? What was his solution? He said, â€Å"It must be due to some fault in ourselves. † 5. Why did the animals sing the â€Å"Beasts of England† song slowly and mournfully as they were gathered on the knoll? Life on the farm was not as they had hoped it would be when the revolution began. 6. Why was the singing of â€Å"Beasts of England† banned? Napoleon said that it was n o longer needed because the revolution was over, but the real reason was because it reminded the animals of the revolution. 7.In what ways has Napoleon set himself apart from the other animals? He had titles like Our Leader, Comrade Napoleon , also because he lived separately. 8. How did Frederick cheat Napoleon? The bank notes with which he paid Napoleon for timber were forged. 9. What moved the animals to attack Frederick and his men at the Battle of the Windmill? The men blew up the animals windmill. 10. Why was Comrade Napoleon â€Å"dying†? The pigs had found the farmer's whiskey, and Napoleon drank a lot. Chapters 9 – 10 1. What special treatment did pigs and piglets get? They received a special education, the piglets couldn’t play with other animals. . What happened to Boxer? Boxer was seriously injured. Napoleon said he would send boxer to the hospital but he sold him instead. 3. The animals on the farm worked hard. What was their consolation? Their cons olation was that they were not working for man. 4. What was Clover startled to discover? She saw a pig walking on its hind legs. 5. What commandment took the place of the Seven Commandments? â€Å"All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others. † 6. What did the other animals see when they looked in to the farmhouse? They saw the pigs in helpingthe humans.

Whos for the game and Wilfred Owens Dulce et Decorum est and Disabled Essay Example

Whos for the game and Wilfred Owens Dulce et Decorum est and Disabled Essay Example Whos for the game and Wilfred Owens Dulce et Decorum est and Disabled Paper Whos for the game and Wilfred Owens Dulce et Decorum est and Disabled Paper Essay Topic: Jessie Pope War Poetry Literature Ross Gay Poetry At the start of the First World War, war was portrayed as a glorious and credible cause. Fighting in a war on behalf of your country was deemed as the duty of any credible man. The ability to represent ones country on the battlefield was one of the greatest honours a man could have. Through the interference of war there was an outcry of patriotism. Men were overwhelmed with ideas of being able to fight for their countrys prosperity. Men flocked to sign up and fight for their country. Women forced their husbands and sons to go and carry out what was believed as their duty. The newspapers and the pro-war journalists who wrote in them played a very influential part in convincing men to recruit. One such journalist for the Daily Mail was Jessie Pope who composed unsophisticated war poetry encouraging men to enlist in the army. The patriotic ideals and the concept of war were all dismantled when soldiers returned from war and spoke of the horrors of war leading to a change in peoples attitudes towards war. Wilfred Owen was a soldier who experienced war and showed his hatred of it through his poetry. But before joining the British army, Wilfred Owen was an English teacher who visited hospitals during the First World War and subsequently became acquainted with many of the wars wounded. These visits deeply affected him and consequently led him to enlist in the British army. He said that he joined the army to witness the suffering and to be able to speak out against it. Wilfred Owen felt enormous pity and sympathy for his fellow soldiers. His famous poetry was written to show his horrifying experience of war and also to bring people out of the disillusionment that they were under. He also wanted to obliterate the image of war created by war propaganda. Wilfred Owen particularly hated Jessie Pope because of her lighthearted attitude towards war portrayed in her poems. Wilfred Owen was finally machine-gunned to death a week before the armistice was signed. Whos for the Game? was a poem written by Jessie Pope used as a piece of propaganda telling men to recruit. It exploits the fact that it was every mans duty to fight on behalf of his country. It is a lyrical poem with a strong, yet simple, rhyming scheme, similar to that of a nursery rhyme. This simple rhyming indicates that Jessie Pope was trying to get her message across clearly to the common man rather than making it more sophisticated. She makes it apparent that the image she has of war is that it is just a big game. The strong rhyming scheme helps her to get this point across because it makes the audience feel as if they really are in a game. Whos for the game, the biggest thats played, The red crashing game of a fight? Right from the beginning of the poem she mentions war as a game and repeats it in the second verse as well showing that she is comparing war to a game. In the second verse she uses the word fight which plays down the significance of war and it makes war seem as trivial as a fight. Wholl grip and tackle the job unafraid? And who thinks hed rather sit tight? In these verses she glorifies the men who fight in the war while she infers that those who do not, are cowards. This is a very insinuating way to put pressure on men who arent fighting in the war. Once again she bears reference to a game by using the phrase grip and tackle. Anyone who wasnt fighting in war would feel intimidated when they read these two verses. Wholl toe the line for the signal to Go! ? Wholl give his country a hand? She is asking the audience who is always ready and waiting to fight for their country. By using the word his she makes the reader feel personal about their country, and if it is their country they should help it. Many people were very patriotic during the war and this one line would make them feel like joining. Who wants a turn to himself in the show? And who wants a seat in the stand? She is feeding peoples self-esteem with these verses because she refers to war as a performance and a chance for soldiers to parade their skills. She portrays it as a chance for people to show off their talent. The second line says that those who do not fight in the war will only be onlookers of the performance. She compares the men that dont fight in the war to the fans in the stands at a match (war like a game). Who knows it wont be a picnic-not much- Yet eagerly shoulders a gun? An understatement of the hardship faced during war is made during the first verse which shows that she really hasnt had any experience of war and that she is trying not to put people off going to war. It also tells us that the knowledge she has about war is incorrect. In the second line she is motivating men to join the army because she knows that the opportunity to hold a gun and be able to use it will attract many men (boys with their toys). Who would much rather come back with a crutch Than lie low and be out of the fun? The message Jessie Pope is telling us in these verses is that if a soldier goes to fight in the war and in the process attains an injury, they are better off than someone who didnt fight in the war, as they missed out on the so called fun. She is saying that an injury incurred during the war is like a souvenir, which these soldiers will have of war, which is a very relaxed way of looking at an injury considering that a soldier could die because of a wound that wasnt properly treated. Come along, lads but youll come on all right For theres only one course to pursue, She is prompting the men and telling them that there is really only one path that they should follow and that is fighting for their country. She infers that these men have no choice but to recruit. She uses colloquial language (lads) so that she appeals to the common man, who will be the majority of the readers of this poem. This sort of language makes men think that she is conversing on a more personal level with them. Your country is up to her neck in a fight, And shes looking and calling for you. She crudely uses the stereotype of men being the protectors of women in these verses. She personifies the country as being feminine by using words like her and she. She uses more colloquial language when she uses the phrase up to her neck in a fight. The stereotypical view being used here is that there is a woman in trouble and that every man should try to help her because that is what they are supposed to do. Throughout the poem Jessie Pope repeatedly uses the word Who? because she is questioning the audience to see who is willing enough to fight for their country. In the final two lines of the poem Jessie Pope tells us exactly who this Who? she refers to is, and its You. the readers. She uses the word You to clearly emphasise who she is talking to. As the poem was published in the Daily Mail it would have been read by tens of thousands of people. Throughout the poem she uses simple language so that everyone can understand it and therefore it will have a widespread effect on the people. The image Jessie Pope is trying to portray in this poem is that war is like a game. The atmosphere of the poem is cosy which is totally opposite to war. The poem is not threatening at all and is inviting men to go to war. The poem continuously praises men who fight in wars while it calls those who dont, cowards. This is part of the way in which she wanted to appeal to the people because she knew that men who read this poem would feel intimidated enough to join the army. I feel that Jessie Pope was misinformed about war and felt she could explain war without experiencing it. As war progressed the feeling of patriotism demised and this happened as the death toll was escalating. People came out of the idea war is all things great and glorious and began to take in the realities of war. When soldiers returned they spoke from experience and therefore the reality of war. Poetry was written to explain war and how it is. One of the soldiers who became a poet was Wilfred Owen. Wilfred Owen wrote the poem Disabled about a young man who enlisted in the army for all the wrong reasons, lost his limbs and now leads a pitiful and bitter life thinking of his past. These wrong reasons are the various influences Owen sees this man as a victim of. It is a narrative poem with a sophisticated structure. The structure is such that it reflects the sincerity and the seriousness of the poets message. The poem starts with the man sitting in his wheelchair, longing for the dark, which is the only thing he is capable of doing. The darkness helps him escape his pathetic life. He is fed up with life and is waiting to die. And shivered in his ghastly suit of grey, His face has gone grey showing how he is in between life and death (black=death, white=life) because his soul is dead but his body is living. The next verse says how he is legless and how the happy voices of children are saddening to him, which is the opposite of a reaction you would expect from a normal person. He is sad because he knows he can no longer be a part of it even if he wanted to. When night finally comes, sleep is like a mother to him because it the only thing that provides relief for him from this hell of a life. About this time Town used to swing so gay It is evening and he remembers the atmosphere and the fun he used to have dancing with girls. But this was all before he threw his legs away in the war and he knows that none of it is ever going to come back. Now no one comes to him and everybody treats him like a disease. He used to enjoy life and girls but now the girls dont like him and this makes him miserable. Now, he is old; his back will never brace; And half his lifetime lapsed in the hot race He used to be good looking but in the time span of a year it looks like half of his life has gone. His back has become weak and he has lost the colour from his face. It looks like it drained while the blood was draining from his legs on the battlefields. He has become aged. One time he liked a blood-smear down his leg, After the matches, carried shoulder-high. He was a football star and had got cut once on his leg. He had enjoyed it because of all the attention he got. This contrasts to show that he has lost his legs now, but this time no one takes note of him. This shows that Jessie Pope was wrong to compare war to a football game because war can destroy peoples lives while a football game cant. If you lose a football match the consequences are insignificant in contrast to when you lose a war. He was drunk when he signed to join the army. He joined because a girl had said he would look good in the uniform (vanity) and also to please his girlfriend. These are the influences that Owen said this man was a victim of. Aye, that was it, to please the giddy jilts He asked to join. He didnt have to beg; Owen uses various styles of writing but in the above line he imitates everyday Northern speech. He was too young to join the army but when he asked to join the army the recruiting generals enlisted him despite knowing that he was lying because they needed men. This person had joined the army for the wrong reasons and wasnt interested in why the war was going on. He rarely thought of the Germans or the Austrians. The thoughts he had were of the weaponry and uniform he would receive and making smart salutes. He thinks of the Esprit de corps (army spirit) and pride in his unit. He hadnt bothered to think about the hardship that he would face during the war. He had always got a buzz when he was cheered for in a game and when they sent him off to war with all these cheers he felt very important like a hero. All this left him very optimistic about the war. Some cheered him home, but not as crowds cheer Goal. The reception he gets when he comes back from war is in stark contrast to what he had imagined. Only a few people are cheering and this is ironic to him. The only one person that inquires about him is the priest. This makes him feel bitter and betrayed that they only cheered him when he was of use, but now that he is no use to them they disregard him. He now has to stay in an institute where the liberty for him to make his own choices has been taken from him. He will have to do what people at the institute tell him to do and pathetically take any sympathy that he may get. He noticed how all the women took no notice of him and paid all the attention to men who were complete. This is mental torture to him because he is used to being so popular and getting all the attention. How cold and late it is! Why dont they come And put him into bed? Why dont they come? His final thoughts of the poem are of total depression. He has become so dependent on others that it is becoming intolerable. All he looks forward to is being put into bed. This point was mentioned at the beginning of the poem emphasising how pitiful his life is. He feels like his life isnt worth living. The verse why dont they come? is used twice to accentuate how dependant he has become. In Jessie Popes Whos For The Game? she mentions that it is better to take part in a war and attain a crutch rather than take no part. In Disabled Wilfred Owen replies to this statement by showing a man who went to the war and came back with a crutch. He describes all the physical and mental hardships this person goes through and disproves Jessie Popes statement. Wilfred Owens main message in Disabled is that people arent joining the army for the right reasons because of poems like Jessie Popes. Dulce et Decorum est is another excellent war poem written by Owen describing his personal experience at war. It is structured such that it appeals to the audience and informs the readers of the realities of war. He depicts a first hand account of the harshness and also the hardships faced at war. This is vividly portrayed in the opening lines: Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge, He uses very dramatic words to describe the soldiers. Words such as old beggars and hags wouldnt usually be associated with the glory of soldiers. The use of the word cursed also suggests that the soldiers are unhappy. Owen goes on to talk about how committed men were and also how brave they had to be to survive this horrific predicament. He says that the men were so tired that they could barely stand up and he mentions that they have none of their reactions to such an extent that they hardly realise the gas shells exploding. Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots Of tired, outstripped Five-Nines that dropped behind. He speaks of how everybody is stumbling to put their gas masks on and how one of the soldiers didnt have his mask on in time. He uses the word floundering to describe this scene. The word floundering is usually used to describe the state of panic a fish is when it is out of water. Dim, through the misty panes and the thick green light, As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. He describes how he can hardly see anything as everything has a tinge of green because of the gas all around and this gives him the feeling that they are under a green sea. The use of the word drowning to describe the man contradicts his first description of the man floundering. In this section of the poem Owen uses his sensory style of writing to make us visualize the situation that he was in, and the images that come into our minds are striking as well as ghastly. He speaks of how helpless he was as the man was falling towards him. He uses three powerful words guttering, choking, drowning successively to emphasise the grotesque experience. As he remembers how they placed the man into a wagon he communicates with the reader on a more personal basis using the word you. His hanging face, like a devils sick of sin; If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood Come gargling from the forth-corrupted lungs. Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud These four lines portray the man who had just died using very forceful and hideous words that make the reader cringe. He uses words such as devils sick of sin to compare the mans face to something unimaginable. These lines enlighten the audience of what soldiers have to go through and that not everything a soldier does is glorious, as it may seem. My friend, you would not tell with such high zest To children ardent for some desperate glory, The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori. In these final lines Owen assumes a relationship of friendship with Pope to get his message across in a polite manner. He makes her seem ignorant for promoting the message that war is all things glorious, without personally experiencing it. He makes it apparent to the readers and to Pope as well that the glory of war is a lie and that no one that would have experienced the situation Owen was in, would encourage anyone to go to war. In the final stanza Owens main message in the poem is evident and that is: people are joining the army for the wrong reasons because of poems like Popes. He concludes his poem by stating that the old Latin saying about war is a lie. The old Lie: It is sweet and fitting to die for ones country. In conclusion it can be noted that mass propaganda took place at the beginning of the First World War because of the need to recruit men into the army. Jessie Popes views towards war were light hearted and she exploited patriotism, which is why she contrasted so much with Wilfred Owens views. This led him to write truthful poem through personal experience because of how much he hated Popes fickle views.

Universal Basic Income - Definition and History

Universal Basic Income - Definition and History Universal basic income is a controversial proposal under which the government provides regular, permanent cash payments to each citizen with the intent of lifting everyone out of poverty, encouraging their participation in the economy and covering the costs of their most fundamental needs including food, housing and clothing. Everyone, in other words, gets a paycheck - whether they work or not. The idea of setting a universal basic income has been around for centuries but remains largely experimental. Canada, Germany, Switzerland and Finland have launched trials of universal basic income variations. It gained some momentum among some economists, sociologists and tech industry leaders with the advent of technology that allowed factories and businesses to automate the manufacturing of goods and to reduce the size of their human workforces. How the Universal Basic Income Works There are many variations of the universal basic income. The most basic of these proposals would merely replace Social Security, unemployment compensation and public-assistance programs with a basic income for every citizen. The U.S. Basic Income Guarantee Network supports such a plan, stating that the system of trying to force Americans into the workforce as a way of eliminating poverty has not proven successful. Some estimates show that approximately 10 percent of people who work full time all year around live in poverty. Hard work and a booming economy have not comes close to eliminating poverty. A universal program like the basic income guarantee could eliminate poverty, the group states. Its plan would provide a  level of income necessary to meet their most basic needs to every American, regardless of whether they worked, in a system is describes as an efficient, effective, and equitable solution to poverty that promotes individual freedom and leaves the beneficial aspects of a market economy in place. A more complicated version of the universal basic income would provide about the same monthly payment to every American adult, but it would also require that about a quarter of the money be spent on health care insurance. It would also impose graduated taxes on the universal basic income for any other earnings over $30,000. The program would be paid for by eliminating public-assistance programs and entitlement programs such as Social Security and Medicare.   Cost of Providing a Universal Basic Income One universal basic income proposal would provide $1,000 a month to all 234 million adults in the United States. A household with two adults and two children, for example, would receive $24,000 a year, barely hitting the poverty line. Such a program would cost the federal government $2.7 trillion a year, according to economist Andy Stern, who writes about the universal basic income in a 2016 book, Raising the Floor. Stern has said the program could be funded by eliminating about $1 trillion in antipoverty programs and reducing spending on defense, among other methods. Why Universal Basic Income Is a Good Idea Charles Murray, a scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and the author of In Our Hands: A Plan to Replace the Welfare State,† has written that a universal basic income is the best way to maintain a civil society amid what he described as a coming labor market unlike any in human history. It will need to be possible, within a few decades, for a life well lived in the U.S. not to involve a job as traditionally defined. ... The good news is that a well-designed UBI can do much more than help us to cope with disaster. It also could provide an invaluable benefit: injecting new resources and new energy into an American civic culture that has historically been one of our greatest assets but that has deteriorated alarmingly in recent decades. Why Universal Basic Income Is a Bad Idea Critics of a universal basic income say that it creates a disincentive for people to work and it rewards non-productive activities. States the Mises Institution, named for the Austrian economic Ludwig von Mises: The struggling entrepreneurs and artists ... are struggling for a reason. For whatever reason, the market has deemed the goods they are providing to be insufficiently valuable. Their work simply isn’t productive according to those who would potentially consume the goods or services in question. In a functioning  marketplace, producers of goods the consumers dont want  would quickly have to abandon such endeavors and focus their efforts into productive areas of the economy. The universal basic income, however, allows them to continue their less-valued  endeavors  with the money of those who have actually produced value, which gets to the ultimate problem of all government welfare programs. Critics also describe the universal basic income as a wealth-distribution scheme that punishes those who work harder and earn more by directing more of their earnings to the program. Those who earn the least benefit the most, creating the disincentive to work, they believe. History of Universal Basic Income The humanist philosopher Thomas More, writing in his seminal 1516 work  Utopia, argued for a universal basic income. The Nobel Prize winning activist  Bertrand Russell  proposed in 1918 that a universal basic income, sufficient for necessities, should be secured for all, whether they work or not, and that a larger income should be given to those who are willing to engage in some work which the community recognizes as useful. On this basis we may build further. Bertrands view was that providing the basic needs of every citizen would free them up to work on more important societal goals and live more harmoniously with their fellow man. After World War II, economist Milton Friedman  floated the idea of a guaranteed income. Friedman wrote: We should replace the ragbag of specific welfare programs with a single comprehensive program of income supplements in cash - a negative income tax. It would provide an assured minimum to all persons in need, regardless of the reasons for their need†¦A negative income tax provides comprehensive reform which would do more efficiently and humanely what our present welfare system does so inefficiently and inhumanely. In the modern era, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg has forward the idea, telling Harvard University graduates that we should explore ideas like universal basic income to make sure that everyone has a cushion to try new ideas.

Workplace issues or disaster management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Workplace issues or disaster management - Essay Example d a theoretical framework discussion issues that related retention and bullying, as well as the reported organizational culture that was deemed contributory to exacerbation of the issue by being indifferent or not addressing these concerns. Steven (2002) confirmed that the workplace issue of intimidation or bullying has pervaded the nursing profession for a considerable length of time: â€Å"bullying behavior has occurred within the nursing profession across a variety of institutional settings, including nursing faculties and professional bodies, for at least seventy-five years† (Stevens, 2002, p. 190). The author was reported to be part of the investigation team. The nurses who were victims of intimidated reported cases of supervisors who â€Å"regularly yelled at the nurse in front of other staff and patients, withheld information she needed to perform her duties, and excluded her from meetings and social functions. Others were given the â€Å"silent treatment† (talk ing to them through third parties, talking about them as if they were not present). Continual criticism of a person’s work, personal appearance, and voice was another type of behavior reported by nurses in the survey† (Stevens, 2002, p. 190). Through the initiation of management, the intimidation and bullying were appropriately addressed, which eventually resulted in lower turnover. Financial Impact on the Organization: The workplace issues on intimidation or bullying have financial impact on the organization in terms of the high turnover rates where were evident. Due to the need to frequently recruit new nurses to replace those who resigned due to intimidation or bullying, the hospital spends more in terms of high acquisition and training costs. These costs take a toll in terms of minimizing the organization’s profits. Personnel Impact: There are significant impacts in terms of personnel through exhibiting lower morale, low job satisfaction, and low productivity as a result of intimidation or

Final Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Final Exam - Assignment Example P3 initiates RNAIII that codes 6-hemolysin. P2 operon is 3Kb in length. It is unique when compared to P3 since it has up to four open reading frames, agrA, agrB, agrC, and agrD. The agrA controls the sensory transduction while agrB is responsible for the production of histidine phosphokinase in bacteria. Due to mutations, defects may occur in any one of four open reading frames, the resulting strains don’t have P2 and P3 transcripts, beside they become arg-. These strains cannot initiate transcription from the P2 and P3. Insertion at C1Ai site in the RNARIII region in P3 results in inactivation of arg functions. 2. a) ÃŽ ²-lactamase has higher activity as compared to the normal P2 and P3 promoters, and thus ÃŽ ²-lactamase can make other existing non-useful plasmids like p1524 unstable. Using P2 and P3 instead of ÃŽ ²-lactamase allows expression of the p15424, and this interferes with the results. b) RN6390B, arg+ produces stronger signals for alpha and beta hemolysins than does RN69 11, a null-arg strain, whose signal is extremely weak. If the researcher used arg+ instead, he would not obtain the same results due to interference by other unnecessary signals. c) When a B lymphocyte secretes antibodies that are directed towards a specific epitope on an antigen, we call the antibodies monoclonal. However, when a significant number of antibodies are secreted that have different affinities and specificities towards different epitopes, we call them polyclonal antibodies. B- hemolysin antibody is a polyclonal antibody, has a wide range of affinities and specificities and thus it can detect any antigen present in its environment. d) In anti-b blot, protein A produces a stronger signal for arg-a42 and no signal in arg-a40. The signal for B-hemolysin is present only in arg-a40 and not arg-a42. These results mean that different regions of P3 codes for different chemicals. 3. The author used RN7220 because it can increase the hla

Final Personal Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Final Personal Journal - Assignment Example course has given me a chance to think in line with coming up with a small business in the hospitality industry and try to implement all that I acquired during the period that I took to complete my hospitality studies. My opinions and insight have really changed this semester since I have learnt the art of saving and ethics when it comes to the industry of hospitality. At the moment I believe that it can only be smooth and enjoyable for one to work well in the industry if they consider all ethical considerations in the hospitality field. The course has also enhanced the manner in which I consider my entrepreneurship plans after graduating from campus. Since I studied this course of Hospitality Business Entrepreneurship, I plan to start a small resort by the side of the lake that will create good scenery for customers who will pay a visit there. The resort will be one of its kinds since my town has a number of them but what matters is ensuring that I install proper management and make better what the competing resorts make wrong. I will incorporate my knowledge on hospitality to design a garden on the same ground with the resort, where couples can have ample time chatting and having soft drinks that will be served on request. The skills I acquired in entrepreneurship will help me make a perfect plan and strategize on how well I can run the resort without experiencing many loses or rather avoiding all instances of loss. Market research will be my first move before I install the resort on the shores of the lake. The most important issue I will consider is the availability of the market and the aspects that the other hotels in the surrounding are not doing right. My knowledge will enable me come up with a blue ocean strategy which I will embrace to the favor of the success of my resort. Before embarking on any serious business, I will make sure that members of staff recruited to work in my premises have adequate hospitality and catering knowledge in order to be sure